{"id":314,"date":"2016-09-14T22:06:08","date_gmt":"2016-09-14T13:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/?p=314"},"modified":"2016-09-14T22:07:41","modified_gmt":"2016-09-14T13:07:41","slug":"%e6%9c%a8%e6%98%9f%e3%81%ae%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%83%85%e5%a0%b1%e3%81%a7%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e3%81%a8%e6%af%94%e8%bc%83%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%bf%e3%81%be%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/?p=314","title":{"rendered":"\u6728\u661f\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u5730\u7403\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script>\n  (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({\n    google_ad_client: \"ca-pub-7449767836059688\",\n    enable_page_level_ads: true\n  });\n<\/script><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u8a33\u8005\u6ce8<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u77e5\u308a\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6728\u661f\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3001\u5730\u7403\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u89a7\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u307e\u305a\u306fNASA\u306e\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\uff08\u5c11\u3057\u9577\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff09\u3092\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>NASA\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3057\u305f\u6728\u661f\u3068\u5730\u7403\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h3>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/JOI_Infographic_09012016.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-317 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/JOI_Infographic_09012016.jpg\" alt=\"joi_infographic_09012016\" width=\"700\" height=\"2853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/JOI_Infographic_09012016.jpg 700w, https:\/\/jupiter.kyoto-svp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/JOI_Infographic_09012016-251x1024.jpg 251w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a>\n<div class=\"credit-info\">\n<div class=\"source ng-binding\"><label>Source:\u00a0<\/label>NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div>\n<div class=\"pubdate ng-binding\"><label>Published:\u00a0<\/label>1 September 2016<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"main-content-wrapper-inner clearfix\">\n<div class=\"main-content ng-isolate-scope\">\n<p>Learning more about what Jupiter is made of and how it works will tell us more about the rest of the solar system and our own planet, Earth.<\/p>\n<h4><b>Giant Discoveries Ahead<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>Juno is poised to tell us about Jupiter&#8217;s makeup, findings that could unlock mysteries of the solar system.<\/p>\n<p>After traveling 1.7 billion miles, NASA&#8217;s Juno spacecraft moved into orbit around Jupiter and its real work begins. The gas giant is so big that everything else in our solar system (except the sun, of course) could fit inside. Learning what Jupiter is made of and how it works will tell us more about the rest of the solar system and our own planet, Earth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h4><b>Jupiter vs. Earth <\/b><\/h4>\n<p>Circumference<br \/>\n11x larger (at equator)<\/p>\n<p>Distance from Sun<br \/>\n5.2x farther (on average)<\/p>\n<p>Temperature<br \/>\n4x colder (on average)<\/p>\n<p>Rotation<br \/>\n2.5x faster (on average)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re starting to realize Jupiter might be the key to our existence&#8221;<br \/>\nDr. Scott Bolton, Lead Scientific Investigator for the Juno Mission<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><b>A Look at Atmospheres<\/b><\/h4>\n<h4><b>JUPITER<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>Thermosphere<br \/>\n200 &#8211; 600 mi<\/p>\n<p>Temperatures can reach 1,340\u00b0 F in the thermosphere.<\/p>\n<p>Juno&#8217;s instruments will collect data that researchers will use to better understand Jupiter&#8217;s auroras and compare them to the ones we see on Earth.<\/p>\n<p>Stratosphere<br \/>\n30 &#8211; 200 mi<\/p>\n<p>Pressure at the upper edge of the stratosphere equals one-thousandth that at Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/p>\n<p>This layer hosts a haze of hydrocarbons and temperatures range from 260\u00b0 F to -150\u00b0 F.<\/p>\n<p>Troposphere<br \/>\n-60 &#8211; 30 mi<\/p>\n<p>White, whispy clouds of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide and water form the distinctive red and white bands in Jupiter&#8217;s troposphere.<\/p>\n<p>Jupiter has no solid surface; the Jovian altitudes are relative to where the pressure is equal to Earth at sea level. Jupiter&#8217;s weather extends to where the pressure is much greater.<\/p>\n<h4><b>JUPITER &amp; EARTH<\/b> (middle bubbles)<\/h4>\n<p>Thermosphere<\/p>\n<p>On both Earth and Jupiter, the thermosphere is warmed by the sun. Jupiter&#8217;s is also heated by the planet&#8217;s magnetosphere, a natural particle accelerator powered by Jupiter&#8217;s incredibly fast rotation.<\/p>\n<p>Never-ending auroras glow at Jupiter&#8217;s poles, larger than Earth and hundreds of times more energetic.<\/p>\n<p>Stratosphere<\/p>\n<p>On Earth, the stratosphere is stable, with little water vapor. It&#8217;s where the ozone layer lies, protecting Earth from the sun&#8217;s ultraviolet radiation. Jupiter&#8217;s stratosphere contains water that scientists used the Herschel Space Observatory (a space telescope) to show came from the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.<\/p>\n<p>Troposphere<\/p>\n<p>On both planets, this is where weather happens (and on Earth, it&#8217;s where we live). Nearly all Earth&#8217;s water vapor is found here and thus its clouds. On Jupiter, the weather is as supersized as the planet. Jupiter&#8217;s Great Red Spot has been swirling for hundreds of years, a storm bigger than Earth, with winds of 400 mph.<\/p>\n<h4><b>EARTH<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>Thermosphere<br \/>\n53 &#8211; 375 mi<\/p>\n<p>Temperatures in the upper thermosphere range from about 932\u00b0 F to 3,632\u00b0 F or higher.<\/p>\n<p>Mesosphere<br \/>\n31 &#8211; 53 mi<\/p>\n<p>Meteors burn up in this layer. Earth&#8217;s mesosphere is responsive to small changes in atmospheric chemistry and composition, and it could provide more clues to how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change.<\/p>\n<p>Stratosphere<br \/>\n10 &#8211; 31 mi<\/p>\n<p>The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet radiation from the sun, lies in Earth&#8217;s stratosphere.<\/p>\n<p>Troposphere<br \/>\n1 &#8211; 10 mi<\/p>\n<p>This part of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere is the most dense, and it&#8217;s where the jet stream is found.<\/p>\n<p>Earth and Jupiter both experience lightning, however strikes on Jupiter can be hundreds of times more powerful.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&#8220;Juno will determine the relative abundance of water in Jupiter&#8217;s atmosphere. This will give us crucial information about how Jupiter and the entire solar system formed&#8230;this also addresses the question: Where did all the water come from on Earth?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Robert Herman, research scientist at NASA&#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><b>Core Comparison<\/b><\/h4>\n<h4><b>JUPITER<\/b><\/h4>\n[ outer ] Molecular Hydrogen<\/p>\n[ middle ] Metallic Hydrogen, Helium<\/p>\n[ core ] Mixture of elements&#8230; Rock? Ice? (Juno will tell us whether the core is solid)<\/p>\n<p>The size and mass of Jupiter&#8217;s core are a mystery for Juno to solve. Temperatures are thought to be around 35,000\u00b0 F. The pressure at the center of Jupiter is nearly 40 million times the pressure at sea level on Earth.<\/p>\n<h4><b>EARTH<\/b><\/h4>\n[ outer ] Liquid Iron<br \/>\n[ core ] Solid Iron<\/p>\n<p>Earth&#8217;s iron core is smaller than our moon and is about 10,800\u00b0 F &#8211; about twice as hot as the surface of the sun. The pressure in the center of Earth is about 4 million times the pressure at sea level.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re using the techniques developed for Jupiter science and applying them to Earth.&#8221;<br \/>\nDr. Brian Drouin, atmospheric scientist at NASA&#8217;S Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/p>\n<p>Drouin is working with Paul Steffes, a member of the Juno science team. Steffe&#8217;s lab at Georgia Tech helped test the conditions Juno&#8217;s microwave radiometer will encounter. The instrument will measure how much water is at Jupiter and how it moves beneath the clouds, based on how radio waves there behave, just as signals such as GPS are modified by Earth&#8217;s atmospheric water.<\/p>\n<p>So, studying Jupiter&#8217;s water can improve our understanding of Earth&#8217;s water. &#8220;On Earth, our GPS signal is so precise we have to improve our understanding of the properties of water to fully utilize the signal&#8217;s potential for weather forecasting,&#8221; Drouin said.<\/p>\n<hr 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